Societies and Inequalities in Afro-Eurasia

10/28/2014

For this assignment, complete the following and include them in a single blog post. First, write a short 200 word or less summary of your selected article on modern-day slavery. Please refrain from quoting anything directly from the article but, if you must, limit yourself to only one and make sure it adds something of substance. Be sure to also include the link to the article you find so that others may peruse after being hooked by your wicked tasty article summary. Secondly, answer the following questions:

What is the most common answer as to why slavery developed?
What best explains the prevalence of slavery across the planet? Diffusion or Common Phenomenon
What would be required for slavery to cease to exist? Possible or not? Explain
How is slavery and patriarchy similar / different?
What is more impressive about the second-wave civilizations of Eurasia and N. Africa: CHANGE or ENDURING PATTERNS?

Lastly, write an AP-style thesis statement (with time and place stamps and three categories for comparison) for the following prompt:

Compare and contrast societies during Classical Era for two of the following regions:

Europe
East Asia
South Asia

Due Sunday November 2nd at 5 PM. As always, email me with questions preferable before Sunday) and work that exceeds expectations will be graciously showered with bonus. Happy researching!

26 Comments

Gary Gutierrez

10/29/2014 09:41:15 am

Testing 1-2

Gary Gutierrez

11/2/2014 08:51:32 am

(Too lazy to post a new comment, so I just replied.)

In 2012, Joseph Kony's child army went viral due to a video that exposed him to the world. Former child soldier Norman Okello told his story of abduction into Kony's army to "The Telegraph" earlier this year. In said article, much of Kony's abduction methods were revealed, as well as how he kept his soldiers battle ready and aggressive. He endorsed the use of brutal methods to force the children to grow into monsters. Abductees that were caught alongside their parents were forced to kill them on the spot to remove their familial connections. Even worse, if the abducted party had not been caught with a parent, they were still forced to kill, pushing the guilt of murder onto them at an early age. From this sparked rage. Rage of the inability to fight back against their kidnappers, and rage at themselves. The only way to calm this anger was to kill more, or else risk being killed. This type of psychological torture was what made Kony so vicious, so monstrous, so undeniably evil that his army was no longer considered such. Rather, it was a group of slaves that fought due to the mental torment they received daily.
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/uganda/10621792/Konys-child-soldiers-When-you-kill-for-the-first-time-you-change.html>

1) It's inherent human nature to want things, whether it be material possessions or an increase in food. As such, the want for tasks to be done with less work was an essential want in civilized life. However, unable to create devices that did work for them, man decided they'd use the next best thing: other men.

2) Common phenomenon is probably a better way of describing the spread of slavery. If diffusion were the case, then the places it spanned would be relatively connected, but they aren't. Rather, slavery is a concept that spawns in various places for more or less the same reasons: people wanted work done but didn't want to do it themselves.

3) In order for slavery to cease, people would need to create devices that did the chores they deemed too unsightly or too laborious for them to do. That's why slavery isn't much of an issue in the United States, we have the technology to do what we don't want to.

4) Slavery and patriarchy are similar in the fact that the basis for both are often seen to have divine or innate origins, such as in the case of man being better than women due to the fact that Eve ate the forbidden apple and how slaves were unpure souls.

5) Most alarming of the second wave civilization's patterns would be the unchanging ones. Beliefs that were popular in first wave civilizations that prospered onto second wave ones left a single question to be answered: Why didn't they progress past an idea that helped destroy the preceding civilization? Concepts such as patriarchy or the neglect of the lower class both contributed largely to the destruction of early civilizations like Greece, yet it persisted in civilizations such as the Han and Rome. This leaves us to ask: Why?

Thesis) From 500BCE to 500CE, the Roman society, resting primarily on the Italian peninsula and later spreading to encompass Southwest Asian and Northeast Africa, and the Mauryan society, which covered the vast majority of South Asia, albeit leaving the southernmost part unconquered, spread their territory by using strong military forces to annex a vast amount of land into their empires. However, despite having similar expansion strategies, the two civilizations were quite different in the fact that only Rome was overtaken by a foreign religion and had social mobility, as opposed to the Mauryans being gridlocked in castes as well as Buddhism failing to conquer over Hindu ideals.

Caleb Ghrist

11/1/2014 11:42:32 am

Human trafficking is a 150 billion dollar network with over 21 million victims, most present within Europe. Human trafficking itself is when somebody is persuaded by a trafficker to immigrate or move a considerable distance, due to the promise of high-paying jobs, a loving relationships, or new and exciting opportunities; however when victims are relocated, there is no such opportunity. Instead, traffickers use the disadvantages of unfamiliarity, lack of communications, and dept attachment to entrap humans to a form of slavery. These victims often are used for commercial sex slavery, organ transplantation, or manual labor to pay off a debt that only increases as expenses are attached. 55 percent of human traffickers are women, forced or coerced, for slavery; however many are auctioned off through criminal networks for a multi-million dollar profit, all at the expense of these women. Despite all the European Union's efforts human trafficking is still largely embedded, due to the lack of cooperation from victims. Many victims feel as though there is no way to escape their predicament, but there are many American based help programs, of which all 50 states have reports.

http://www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/overview

*Slavery likely developed because humans wanted things, but did not want to do those things themselves.
*Slavery developed through common phenomenon, not diffusion, for there were no origin from which slavery spread, but instead a sporadic and spontaneous development.
*For slavery to cease to exist, humans must stop desiring what they can not provide themselves, so I do not believe it is possible for slavery to stop completely, because humans desire much, and can only provide so much by themselves.
*Patriarchy relates to slavery i the way that a man has more control over a woman, being able to make her do things he wants, while she could not do the same. This relation is similar to the way a master can order around his slave, but a slave can not order around his master. The greatest difference would be that a slave has social death, a lack of innovation, a lack of independent thought, and a lack of individuality while patriarchy woman have some control over some aspects of there life, largely the household.
*The most impressive thing about second wave civilizations would be the enduring patterns of patriarchy, slavery, and social hierarchy, because despite the emergence of empires and religious beliefs that come and go these three main enduring patterns are enduring through and through.

Throughout 500 B.C.E. and 500 C.E. the European civilization societies of Rome and Greece, as well as the South Asian civilization society of India were both highly patriarchal; despite both being patriarchal, the European societies were heavily reliant on slavery while the South Asian society of India had few slaves, but a much more strict hierarchical organization, known as the caste system.

Celine Canlas link

11/1/2014 02:05:30 pm

Since the emergence of the first-wave civilizations, slavery had grew exponentially which, unfortunately, continued into our present civilization. Slavery is the practice of forcing humans to do labor without paying them. International laws had been appointed to banish any forms of modern slavery. However, in Mauritania, slavery is their “the best open secret.” Only in 2007 had there been an actual law that can punish any “master” who still practices slavery, yet only one had been successfully brought to justice; slavery is still evident with no real consequences in this country. Mauritanian slaves do not need shackles for slavery had been a multigenerational tradition; once you were born into slavery, you will die working as a slave. Slaves in Mauritania had never heard of freedom, thus never realizing that there can be a life for them other that serving their masters. It is estimated that 10 to 20 percent of their 38.2 million people are slaves, but their government denies such existence. Comparing this to ancient slavery, slavery in Mauritania had become a cycle that was inevitable and restrained with little to none support from other organizations.

<http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2012/03/world/mauritania.slaverys.last.stronghold/index.html>

1. Slavery was suggested to develop as animals were domesticated. The philosophy of taming an animal was just as equal as taming an inferior human became the gateway to slavery.
2. Slavery is best described as a common phenomenon for it had existed in separate places n approximately similar period, just like agriculture.
3. The day that any form of the philosophy of inferiors and superior ceases to exist is the day that slavery will end. I think that it is not possible for all humans need the illusion that they can control someone or something that they know they can govern. Humans will always have that desire for being superior is not learnt rather is in our instincts.
4. Slavery is similar to patriarchy, because patriarchy exists in slavery and vice versa. Slavery exists for there is an idea of inferiority and superiority, just as in patriarchy looks at women as an inferior to the “superior” men. In slavery, women are often looked at as sex slaves with no choice but to follow their masters, which also shows in patriarchy when fathers dictate what their daughters are ought to do. However, they do differ for slavery includes men as inferiors while patriarchy only looks at women as an inferior.
5. The enduring patterns of social and political hierarchies, patriarchy, and slavery had been more impressive in Afro-Eurasia for it is geologically massive but similar cultures and ideas.

*During the Classical Era in Asia, India and China had a similar philosophy in staying with its social classes, however differed in their theology as India had Hinduism while China had Confucianism, also having contrasting views on slavery that China had, but India did not.

Cheyenne Lyle

11/2/2014 03:07:10 am

Estimated around the world there is to be anywhere from 20.9 to 29.8 million slaves. However, racial based slavery seems to be long gone. These slaves can be forced to do labor and many younger girls and boys that are slaves are sexual exploited for the wants of others. The Global Slavery index which lists 162 countries ranks India number one with 14 million, half of the Index's estimated 29.8 million. Even the United States is estimated to have 60,000 slaves some of them temporary visa holders and domestic servants. The United Kingdom estimates to have 4,426 slaves causing a Anti-Slavery bill to formed in their Parliament.
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26513804

1.The most common answer as to why slavery developed is the domestication of animals.
2.Common Phenomenon best explains the prevalence of slavery across the planet.
3.For slavery to cease to exist there would have to be no labor needed for farming. It’s not completely impossible, but it’s not easily able to be accomplished in that it would cost too much and take too much time to convert everyone over.
4.Both slavery and patriarchy had strict control over another human being’s life, slaves were forced to do the owner’s tasks or suffer a great punishment, and women had to fulfill her husband’s wants or suffer a punishment. However, women under patriarchy still contained more rights than a slave.
5.An impressive change that second-wave civilizations is the form of monotheistic religions that are present today. An enduring pattern of the second-wave civilizations is the slavery and patriarchy.

*During the Classical Era, Greece in Europe and India in South Asia were patriarchal; however in the rural parts of India woman that were physically able to help farm were expected to help farm,Greek women were treated just like slaves and were forced to stay home except for public events that she was allowed to.

Christina Peries

11/2/2014 04:54:07 am

A newly released “Global Slavery Index” published October 18th, 2013, shows India as the country with by far the most modern slaves; an estimated nearly 14 million, followed by China and Pakistan. India exhibits many types of slavery ranging from the worst forms of child labor to forced labor, to even commercial sexual slavery. Furthermore, the Indian government, despite having set laws to prevent these types of slavery, has done very little to enforce these laws and to wipe out modern day slavery. Another thing that prevents the abolishment of modern day slavery in India is the caste system; the system is hierarchical, and it affects the tens of millions in the “lower” classes. Slavery such as bonded labor is affected by the caste system; products made by these slaves go into almost every part of the global economy, such as coffee, diamonds, and cigarettes. According to the International Labor Organization bonded labor is the most extensive form of modern slavery, estimating to about 21 million people worldwide, working against their will. Many other types of slavery exist in India, and while their government has done more most of its neighbors to prevent it, the laws they have set in place need to be enforced more strictly.

Here’s the link you guys: http://www.dw.de/modern-day-slavery-widespread-in-india/a-17180433

The most common answer to why slavery developed is because as animals were domesticated, humans used that same idea on others they viewed as “weak” or “less superior”.
Slavery was most likely spread through common phenomenon; an example of this is Rome and China, although they both had very little direct contact, they both had slavery.
I don’t think that it’s possible for slavery to cease to exist, because humans are not able to abolish the idea of being in control, and being able to rule over someone “inferior” to themselves; for slavery to be wiped out, people must be able to let go of this presumption.
Patriarchy is where the man is “superior” to the woman, and the man can make the woman do whatever he wants, and she has to listen; slavery works the same way, only it does not only apply specifically to women, but to both men, women, and children alike. Similarly, while the male in a patriarchal marriage is essentially the “master”, a person who owned slaves, or the “slave master” back during the second wave civilizations was almost always a man.
The most prominent in Eurasia and N. Africa are the enduring patterns in not only agriculture, but its social structures as well.

In Rome and China during 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. both civilizations, despite their almost nonexistent direct contact, were patriarchal; on the other hand, China had Confucianism and was a monarchy, while Rome hd Christianity, and was a “republic”.

Hannah Webster

11/2/2014 05:51:35 am

Unfortunately, slavery is still a growing concern in the modern world. Currently, there are 21 million slaves, which is more than any time in history. In the years 1450-1900 11.3 million African slaves were abducted and spread out all over the world, yet today the numbers keep growing. Asia is facing a major slavery crisis. There are currently about 11.7 million slaves in Asia, which is about half today’s slaves. Slavery is most persistent in the Mekong Region of Asia, which consists of forced prostitution, domestic work, hard labor in sweatshops, construction, virginity selling, and forced marriage. Human trafficking is a major form of slavery. The traffickers lure their victims in by making promises to them by saying that they will have job opportunities, and have a better life, but in reality the abusers make the victims feel inhuman, and they lose all their freedom. Victims can experience physical and mental abuse, including, rape, beatings, and even death. Even though slavery is illegal, it still exists in every country today.
www.libertyasia.org
1. The best answer to why slavery is developed is the domestication of animals. The theory was if animals can be domesticated and trained to do things, then humans have the ability to work for other humans.
2. Common Phenomenon explains the prevalence across the world with the amount of slavery. There is not a specific place where slavery rose from. Across the world people have always wanted to get something done, so they have someone else do it for them. Not one civilization or region came up with the idea of slavery.
3. I do not think it is possible for slavery to not exist. People want the feeling of being in control, and they want someone else to do something for them. People want the satisfaction of telling someone to do something and then it gets accomplished.
4. Patriarchy is very similar to Slavery. Patriarchy is having the man tell the women what to do, and they have to do what they say or they will be punished. Men have the voice in the government systems as well. In slavery, a slave cannot voice their own opinion or refuse to do their masters work because there will also be punishments.
5. Enduring patterns seem to be more impressive in second wave civilizations because of slavery and patriarchies in Eurasia and N. Africa.

Thesis: In 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. Both Rome and China had a patriarchal society, slavery was very common in Rome, but there were not many slaves in China, and lastly Rome had slave rebellions, and China had peasant rebellions.

Alexis Rivas

11/2/2014 06:20:46 am

Many Americans find that the concern of human trafficking is a concern that we no longer need to have. We seem to have removed it from or lives all together or we think that it only common in movies or foreign countries. But the truth is that this problem is sadly closer than we realize. 17,500 people are brought into our country due to human trafficking and this number doesn’t even compare to the amount of human trafficking that is going on inside the country every year. Since the rising of technology like the internet sex trafficking has increased extremely. People that are most at risk for being pulled I to this trade are children. The age of the victims is what is really shocking. Young girls enter this trade at around the age of 12-14 years old and for the boys the age is actually younger at around 11-13 years old. Many Americans figure that human trafficking is a concern only in areas with high crime, but it is a problem that is actually occurring more and more in many other neighborhoods around the country. What we need to realize is that this form of slavery has been around for a long time and is most definitely still around today and its time for it to stop.

http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2014/05/19/modern-day-slavery-america-must-fight-epidemic-human-trafficking-here-at-home/

1. Some people say that slavery started with the early domestication of animals. The domestication of animals created the thought that we could enslave people. Slave owners would compare their slaves to tamed animals. Although it is suggested that women were the first slaves.
2. Slavery is a common phenomenon because it is a trade that doesn’t have a specific region in which it could have diffused to other regions. It seemed to have started in many different places at around the same time. Since the first slaves were suggested to be women for a man’s pleasure this is evidence that it wasn’t diffusion because men have always lived in separate regions.
3. I do not think that it is possible for slavery to not exist. Humans will always look for a way to make their lives easier or better in some way and slavery provides that for them. It is in human nature to want to have control over something and we will always have that desire. So no I do not think that it is possible for slavery to not exist.
4. Both slavery and patriarchy are similar because both have a form of a leader or a master. That person usually was a male, in patriarchy it was usually the oldest man in the family. Both slavery and patriarchy had power over a person’s life.
5. What is most impressive about Eurasia and North Africa was the enduring patterns of slavery, patriarchy, political hierarchies.

During 500 B.C.E-500 C.E both East Asia China and South Asia India had a patriarchal system, but china and India differed in their beliefs china believed in Confucianism and India in Hinduism, and China and India had different views on slavery.

Kassandra Castillo

11/2/2014 06:37:32 am

Summary: Slavery has been a problem for many years. It has been around since first wave civilizations and has continued to occur until today. Slavery is forced labor without any pay. There is also violence and slave exchange. Today’s slavery is focused on big profits and cheap lives. There are more slaves today than there were in earlier years, there are now up to 27 million slaves. Though slavery was originally based on poverty, it is not the case today. As the money increases so do the slaves. As more people research the concept of slavery, it is known to be more prominent in India and America.

http://www.alternet.org/story/142171/there_are_more_slaves_today_than_at_any_time_in_human_history

• Slavery most commonly developed due to poverty and the domestication of animals.
• Slavery was a common phenomenon because they had already enslaved animals so they just extended it to human beings. It did not diffuse because it does not have a certain place of origin where it could have spread.
• For slavery to end, there would have to be equality in the world. Though it may be impossible to achieve, people would have to accept that everyone is equal to one another.
• Slavery and patriarchy are similar because there are basically the same concept, just different ways of doing it. Slavery is when a person can tell their slave what to do, but the slave can’t tell his master what to do. Patriarchy is similar in that the women is inferior to the male and has to do as he pleases, but she cannot tell him what to do.
• The enduring patterns of patriarchy, slavery, and social hierarchies are most impressive because unlike other things that have been developed in second wave civilizations, these have been carried on for years and are still present today.
From 500 B.C.E to 500 C.E, European and South Asian civilizations were different because Europe was reliant on slaves while South Asia had little to none, and South Asia had a much more strict hierarchal system, known as the caste system, but were similar in that both were patriarchal.

Michael Bardocz

11/2/2014 06:42:46 am

Human Trafficking is a thriving form of modern day slavery that is producing more income than big oil companies. Human Trafficking is a thriving industry that makes 150 billion dollars in profits from forced labor every year, this is more than the annual profits from Tobacco, Google, Big Oil, and U.S. Banking. 21 million people all over the world have already been victims of forced labor.Forced Labor is everywhere in the world, but its far more common and makes larger profits in developed economies such as the U.S. and in Europe.Vast majorities of the victims are laborers that work in mostly Agriculture, Mining, Utilities, Forestry, Fishing, Construction, Manufacturing, and Domestic work. Forced Labor also hurts other companies and the local government by not paying taxes which weakens the government's economy and makes other companies compete with the prices of the companies that don't pay taxes. Forced Labor is a "low risk and a high gain industry" as the ILO said, and must be stopped through high-level legislative action and must be stopped by taking some very serious steps.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/22/modern-slavery-profits-big-oil_n_5365220.html

1. Slavery must have developed because people wanted ways to root out the weak people from society and enemies of society and found that since people domesticated animals its fine to domesticate people.
2.slavery is a common phenomenon since nobody really shared slavery and slavery was found individually and not by diffusion.
3.slavery to not exist would need to have some serious work from humans such as to stop being greedy and power hungry and for humans to stop being control freaks. i don't really think it is possible because people like to be in control and humans can be really greedy and selfish and want to be in control all the time.
4.slavery and patriarchy both have their similarities and differences. they are both similar in the way that it stops people from having freedom and stopping their liberties as a human. slavery is far more worse since slavery is a social death and you lose your identity as a whole. while patriarchy can be pushed back and prevented in some ways and women can still have their social lives in the face of patriarchy.
5. the enduring patterns in North Africa and Eurasia are the most impressive since the patterns they continued to follow in their social structures made them stronger and all the patterns in patriarchy and slavery gave cause for a revolution in society.

Greece In Europe and China from East Asia in the Classical Era the societies in these two regions seemed distinctly similar while also different. both regions had patriarchal traits in their societies, but Greece seemed to have more reliability on slaves than in China which focused more on the peasant class doing the work, and China had a much more strict hierarchical arrangement and had less freedoms than people in Greece which had more of a freedom for citizens.

Yongxin Xie

11/2/2014 06:48:03 am

When someone talk about the topic of modern-day salvery, the image of children slavery, force labor, sexual slavey are pop out in your mine. Had you ever imagine the live of the prisoners in America's jail? Laurie Hazen is a woman wrote a fake drugs prescriptions got her into prison. Hazen can get a job in prison, she ineligible highest pay job for 20$ a week, but she can load all the dirty tray to dishes washer for 2$ a day. Hazen have a son, she need the money to write letter to her son. About 1.6 million prisoners in federal prison are doing the full time job as Hazen have. They mop floors, serve food, mow the lawns, and launder millions of tons of uniforms. They only get 25 cents per hour. All those prison workers they have no sick time or overtime pay. Is worse than slaves labors. In three states – Texas, Georgia and Arkansas they even work for free.In Texas, where prisoners are required to work under threat of punishment. In humanity, all those prisoners were guilty from what they did, but is that fair to treat them unhumanity way?

https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2014/sep/19/modern-day-slavery-americas-prison-workforce/

*Slavery developed is from the idea of early domestication of animal provide the model for enslaving people. Also the aspect of personal property, for example in Rome, 30% of Roman are slaves, and the people who own slaves are having a little wealth and land to take care themselves. They more property you get, the more wealth you have, and more slaves you own.
*Common Phenomenon, it happen when the economy changes over period of time. The rich people want to show how wealthy they are compare to how many slaves they own, and the poor people need a way to survive. It just happen with society of need and want.
*Slavery to cease to exist is require everyone have equal amount of wealth, equal amount of political involvement, everything need to be equal. Is very impossible, because right now we have enormous population, and some people are extremely wealth and some people still in starvation. Also the money distribution are very unequal, for example to the stoke market. You can either get a lot of money, or lose all your wealth, is one extreme to the other. Is so hard to get eveyone to be equal in this society.
*Slavery and Patriarchy are different because slavery are everyone have the chance to become a slave, for patriarchy are male dominance authority in the society and the household. However they both similar in Economic aspect for example to slavery, if you are wealthy people can be the slaves owner compare to China, if women are wealthy, they can have servant to do thing for them instead of doing it by themselves.
*Mostly is enduring patterns, for example the confusianism which based the idea of legalism in China are develop male dominance society. The Greeks are continuities having large expression of rationalism and democracy in Athen, and Sparta create millitary force to keep helots rebellion in place.

Thesis:
During classical era, the Chinese confucianism and Greek rationalism were similar extreme patriarchy and the use of slavery while differing in the Chinese had adopted Buddhism and Greek had adopted Christianity.

Danny Ruiz

11/2/2014 06:49:28 am

Today, across the world there are 30 million slaves. India leads with the most slaves at 14 million, China has 2.9 million, Pakistan with 2.1 million. Other countries at the top of the list are as follows: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Russia, Thailand, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. A small country in West Africa leads with a percentage of 4% of its people being enslaved. In India the ways you could be enslaved varies from state to state. In the Middle East woman, children, and men with exploitation in mind were likely to be slaves. Brazil is against slavery, they even have a huge global prevention plan. Today there a countries where slavery is totally normal and just apart of nature, but in places like Brazil they are totally against slavery.
http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/17/world/global-slavery-index/
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The domestication of animals has been said to be the reason or gateway to slavery, but ultimately it came down to humans being lazy and wanting things.
Common phenomenon best explains the prevalence of slavery across the planet.
Humans wants now a days are too strong, and in order for slavery to cease to exist humans need to not want and focus on the needs. I do not think it is possible.
Patriarchy and slavery go hand in hand. Patriarchy is the man being superior to the woman. Slavery works the same but one superior over any one with less dominance. Normally in slavery it is the rich or citizen class.
Enduring patterns is more impressive in Eurasia and N. Africa.

In the classical era Asia and India were similar in that they both had patriarchal systems, but Asia had a different philosophy called confucianism, India had Hinduism.

Adryana Martinez

11/2/2014 06:49:53 am

In Brazil, slavery is like a revolving door. Once one free is slaved, another person is enslaved because the slaveholders (large company owners) are never severely punished for their actions. Due to Brazil being the last country in the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery, severe differences between social classes still exist which causes slavery to still be acceptable. In the last twenty years almost 50,000 slaves have been freed from nearly 2,000 different worksites, however, it is estimated that about 200,000 slaves are still trapped in Brazil. The most common form of slavery there is debt bondage which is when poor people are promised good jobs from large companies. These people often have to travel great distances and give up everything and when they arrive to the worksites that are in poor conditions, they have no way of leaving. Until these large companies which have monumental power in the Brazilian government are put back in their place, slavery will continue to largely exist in Brazil.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/01/29/268200235/brazils-slaves-are-being-freed-but-slaveholders-go-unpunished
1. Slavery developed most likely because humans realized that if they can domesticate animals, they “domesticate” humans.
2. Common phenomenon best describes slavery because on many occasions, places that had never had contact before, often both had slavery.
3. Abolishing slavery is much like abolishing war, humans are not peaceful creatures and there is a lot of bad people out there so no, I don’t think slavery will ever be fully gone.
4. Patriarchy is like slavery because both include someone having power over another person, however slaves have no power over their lives and women often have some power like over the household.
5. What is most impressive about these second wave civs is their eduring patterns because despite cultural changes like religion, inequalities such as patriarchy and social class always exist.
From 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E., both the European empire of Rome and the East Asian empire of Han China were imperialistic and had strongly defined social classes, however the Hans ruled with philosophical beliefs while Rome did not.

Chance DeRiso

11/2/2014 07:21:10 am

This CNN article explains just one example of slavery in Mauritania. The country is located in West Africa and was the last country to abolish slavery in 1981. Slaves makes up 4%-20% of the population. The article speaks of an appalling story about Mbeirika Mint M'bareck, a freed 15 year old slave. She was saved from a cruel life of slavery, filled with sexual and emotional torture. After her rescue, she was unfairly charged with having sex outside of marriage. Not only is this unfair, but it is not possible due to the fact that they can not formally marry. Slaves are often raped by their owners and are given children at young ages. If a slave leaves, like M’bareck did, they are usually charged with this crime and brought back into slavery. When M’bareck was in court, she was described as pregnant and was charged for her ridiculous crime. Her captor was charged with “exploitation of a minor”, but this is a less harsh crime merely due to the fact that the captor is not a slave. As seen in the article, slavery is prominent, harsh, and unfair beyond belief.

Link: http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/20/opinion/sutter-mauritania-slave-charged/index.html

1.Slavery developed because of the herding of animals, and when people saw that they could make an animal work for them, they thought a human being could do the same.
2.Common phenomenon explains the prevalence of slavery the most because if the domestication of animals theory is true, which was common phenomenon, than so would slavery.
3.The idea of man working for themselves and everybody having the ability to do so would make slavery cease to exist. This does not seem possible because not only are some people not fit to do that work, others just find it easier to have slaves do it for them, making it more of a convenience factor rather than ability factor.
4.Slavery and patriarchy are similar because both are parts of social hierarchy. Men have the power to make the decisions for slaves, who are at the bottom of the hierarchical tier in most societies.
5.Change in the second wave civilizations is more impressive because the evolution of language in places like China and Rome and the hierarchical complexity in India and the Mediterranean.

South Asian and East Asian societies in the Classical Era differed in that in India, there was a much more complex hierarchy and in China merchants were viewed lower than peasants, but were similar in that both societies had a lack of prominent slavery.

Ariel Jimenez

11/2/2014 07:25:52 am

In The Philippines, there is a strong number of slaves that are still in the country. Modern-day slavery is usually caused by extreme poverty. Most of the slave groups target women for human trafficking in the country to even abroad to another country. Even though most Filipino women leave the country for work, some of them find themselves with very abusive employers that make them suffer long hours with little to no pay; they could leave but some employers confiscate their passports and work permits. Some enslaved Filipino men, women, and even children can be found from households,as "help" around the house, to factories. Even though The Philippines have lots of slaves, by far the country with the most number of slaves is in India with a staggering 14,700,000 slaves in the country. Slavery will continue to happen in the Philippines until help arrives and stop slave holders.

http://www.manilatimes.net/modern-day-slavery-in-the-philippines/46180/

1.The most common answer is that slavery started from the domestication of animals.
2.Common Phenomenon bests describes the prevalence of slavery since its never originated in a certain region.
3.For slavery to cease to exist, people need to stop being greedy and think that other people that are inferior to them as tools to make themselves happy. It is possible that slavery can cease to exist but people really need to stop thinking that people are items for their self use and live together peacefully.
4.Slavery and Patriarchy are similar because they both deal with controlling people and restricting their self values. They are different because patriarchy is based on the sex of someone, while slavery is usually race or class based.
5.The enduring patterns are the most impressive since most second wave civilizations have basically the same social structure.

During the Classical Era in Eurasia, Rome and China were two civilizations that have similar social structure; even though Rome had a lot more slaves than China, both Rome and China were both patriarchal, yet both civilizations had different religions where Rome has Greek Rationalism and China has Confucianism.

Kaylee Ramirez link

11/2/2014 07:26:01 am

Modern day slavery, known today as human trafficking, violates the 13th Amendment yet is still seen in America today. Many people believe that the issue of slavery was eliminated in America over 140 years ago, but 17,500 of the 800,000 people trafficked across international borders every year came to the United States. An example of the slavery in America would be Emily Nicely, a nineteen year old girl in 2007, was held captive for six months, beaten, and forced to change her life. Another couple was sentenced to prison after harboring a woman and forcing to be a servant for nineteen years. According to government figures, human trafficking is the fastest-growing and third-largest criminal enterprise in the world, with an estimation of about 27 million people worldwide in the slavery. Human trafficking is not human smuggling but can be used in cases where people were “forced” to work or have sex against their will. However, human rights organizations and federal officials know of these types of modern-day slavery and have put effort into trying to stop them.

http://abcnews.go.com/US/Story?id=2981327&page=1

The most common answer to why slavery developed is that the early domestication of animals provided the model for enslaving people; slave owners have compared their slaves to tamed animals almost everywhere.
A Common Phenomenon best explains the prevalence of slavery across the planet because it emerged around the same time but with no direct contact and spread to civilizations.
The ability for people to fend for themselves and to see each and every person as an equal would be required for slavery to cease to exist. This is possible but would not be easy; I believe there would need to be less people in the world to accomplish this or society would need to change entirely.
Slavery and patriarchy are similar in that they both see that one group of people is superior to another group and vice verse. They also both believed that the superiors owned the inferiors and that they were less important than them. Slavery and patriarchy were different in that slavery would have focused on territorial origins, religion, or race rather than focusing on gender and sex like patriarchy.
The most impressive thing about the second-wave civilizations of Eurasia and North Africa would be the enduring patterns in the society, for when the religious beliefs and empires changed the patriarchal and social hierarchy remained the same.

Between 500 BCE and 500 CE, the Roman Empire of Europe and the East Asian society China differed in the amount of slaves they had but were similar in their patriarchal societies and their social hierarchies.

Patrick Manabat link

11/2/2014 07:41:17 am

From our viewpoint, slavery may seem to be something from our shameful past; however, slavery still exists within modern society and is more prominent in many other countries. The countries with the most known slavery includes Mauritania, Haiti, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Moldova, and Benin. There are many cases that some people may enter slavery, such as people who become de facto slaves by borrowing money from the wealthy only to end up in dept and having to work for years for free to pay them back. Another way of entering slavery was to answer a call for a job such as child/home care, and then to be taken captive and forced to work against their will. Buying, selling, and even renting slaves still exists today, in places like Mauritania where although the notion of slavery may be outlawed, according to NGOs on the ground, up to 20% of Mauritania's population is enslaved. Many children are also subjected to slavery due to their poor families, the child may then be sent away for slave labor, which happens in countries like Nepal. Some of these countries have laws against slavery, such as Benin, but many of the anti-slavery efforts have been set back by a financial wall. Although slavery is outlawed in most countries and has had continuous efforts to prevent it, many people across the world are still in some form of slavery.

1. The most common answer to why slavery developed can be found in the start of the domestication of animals. Although this may not be the exact answer, it definitely is the most popular.

2. Common Phenomena best explains the rise of slavery, many past societies in different parts of the world, with nearly no contact to one another, similarly ended up with a result of slavery.

3. There is a possibility for slavery to cease to exist, but that would only happen in a perfect world. Meaning that if everyone was connected in friendship or by family, slavery may cease to exist (assuming that the people are intellectual and have principle to protect each other). Since our world is imperfect, it would be fair to consider this impossible.

4. Slavery and patriarchy are extremely due to the fact that there is a superior and that there is an inferior. The only way they are different is that patriarchy is limited to mere males over females.

5. The most impressive factor of second-wave civilizations would be the enduring patterns. The common person may believe that change is good, but despite this, many factors live on to even modern day society, such as religions and slavery.

During the rise of second-wave civilizations, Classical Greece and India became prominent among their time, one distinctive difference is that India hard a firm belief in Hinduism and sought a religious answer to life, the Greeks, on the other hand, looked for a rational answer for their questions. The two were both similar in that their geographical surroundings influenced their history, but throughout history, India was very inactive in conquests, while Greece thrived upon the conquering of others.

Patrick Manabay

11/2/2014 07:51:56 am

On the thesis i meant to say ...India had* a firm belief in Hinduism....

Ariadna Perez

11/2/2014 08:00:08 am

Summary:
Human trafficking is taking advantage of someone’s little knowledge and using their economic downfall for your own needs. Most of human trafficking is thanks to a bad economy, people are being lured out of their countries with promises of a better life, but instead, a life of sorrow and unwanted labor takes place. “Forced labor may result when unscrupulous employers exploit workers made more vulnerable by high rates of unemployment, poverty, crime, discrimination, corruption, political conflict, or even cultural acceptance of the practice.” Adults and children are forced and many a times deceived into prostitution. Many women and girls are unable to escape prostitution since traffickers can use debt bondage, which makes them unable to be free until they pay what they “owe” and they are unable to ask for help because of the repercussions. Debt bondage is also used to exploit a worker’s initial debt the worker understood to be part of the job. Sex trafficking has disastrous consequences for those who are forced into it or who are forced to stay. Most of those consequences are physical and psychological trauma, disease, pregnancy and death. Human trafficking has to be stopped, because it affects more lives than we know.
Web Link:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/what/
This is a compelling article I found on a particular story about human trafficking and it also debunks some of the misconceptions we have on human trafficking:
http://love146.org/
Societies and Inequalities in Afro-Eurasia

Questions:
• The most common answer as to why slavery developed is the early domestication of animals. Slavery relies on the belief that one species is superior to the other, or that some men by nature are supposed to rule over others, it wasn’t until slavery in America that owning others was familiarized with color. When slavery developed many tried to justify it, some justified with religion and others justified it with nature. Many philosophers stated that by nature some men are meant to rule over others, that what a slave lacked in brains, the master lacked in muscle and because of that they both benefitted from each other. Patriarchy is an example that certainly supports why slavery developed. Men believed that they were superior to women, and that is why so many women were usually raped, enslaved as concubines and had to answer to men for everything. Patriarchal societies contributed to slavery, since men “controlled” women, which could have amounted to the possibility of owing, or “controlling” other people.

• The prevalence of slavery across the planet is best explained by both diffusion and common phenomenon. Slavery started in America when the first African Slaves were brought to aid in the production of crops as tobacco. Although, some forms of slavery are formed from religion and or patriarchal influences. Class inequalities in certain places such as China and Rome and a bad economy where Rome is also an example can also cause slavery. Rome’s horrible economy led peasants to look for refuge in slavery. Rome is also an example of diffusion, since the vast majority of Roman slaves had been prisoners captured in the many wars. Slavery is also a common phenomenon, since large empires needed people to do the dirty work the rich were not willing to do. Slavery’s prevalence can be traced with diffusion and common phenomenon, since some countries just stumbled upon it out of need and others learned of it, from those that had stumbled upon it.

• In order for slavery to cease to exist there needs to be more Public Awareness and education on it. Never have I once seen a commercial discussing human trafficking, forced child labor or child soldiers. Information on how to prevent this from happening should be as known as a Proactiv commercial. Education is also the best way to raise awareness within our community; children should be educated about the dangers and misconceptions about modern day slavery. Dictatorships, should be eliminated, many want to look for more opportunities in strange countries not knowing what is out there. People take advantage of immigrants’ little knowledge and use it for their own purposes. No economic problem equals any need for money gone, so no immigration happens and no one’s innocence is taking away. No economic problems can also help the government to spend money on eradicating slavery. This could also allow the government to put in more effort in making every country safer.

• Slavery and patriarchy are both an example of social inequality in second-wave civilizations. Both forms had individuals lead restricted lives with restricted freedom or no freedom at all. A multitude of philosophers both stated that a slave was naturally born to work and a woman was naturally born to be a vessel in which life was carried. So many philosophers justified

Ariadna Perez

11/2/2014 08:03:31 am

both slavery and patriarchy as something that nature had intended. Unlike slavery, patriarchy wasn’t as recognized by historians, since it was so common. Slavery could have been the child of patriarchy and hierarchy, meaning that overall male dominance could have led to the ownership of slaves, but, it doesn’t really matter where slavery or patriarchy came from, since they are both as old as human history and whether we like it or not, still active today.

• The most impressive about the second-wave civilizations of Eurasia and North Africa is the enduring patterns. Those of the second-wave era were too, patriarchal, and hierarchal, just like those in the first civilizations and just like in the first civilizations both men and women lived within a political framework of states or empires. Also like in the first civilizations people occupied a world of ideas, values and religions that would later lead to the social arrangements of the second-wave era.

Thesis Statement:
For the duration of 500 B.C.E.-500 C.E. East Asia’s China and South Asia’s India had many social similarities, such as their social inequalities and varied ways in which people organized their social lives being advocated as normal by religious or cultural traditions, although India’s caste system represented a more strict way of differencing social status, both civilizations had birth determine social status and social mobility was possible but rarely seen.

This is the rest, I don't know why it didn't post all of it, maybe is too long, sorry.

Sarah getting selbach

11/2/2014 08:49:24 am

The estimated number of slaves today is between 12 million and 29 million. The slave industry earns roughly 35 billion dollar annual. There are 10 nations that make up 76 % of all slavery on earth. Starting with India having about 14 million slaves. China is second with 2.9 million. Next Pakistan ,Nigeria ,Ethiopia ,Russia ,Thailand ,Congo ,Myanmar ,and Bangladesh with 343,000 slaves. The slaves become slaves through descent ,bonded labor ,migrant labor ,sex slaves ,forced marriage ,and child labor.

It is a common phenomenon as to why slavery is found all over the world.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_slavery

Fabian Kaiwi

11/2/2014 08:54:59 am

Throughout the modern world slavery is still a problem that is dealt with. There are many forms of slavery such as human trafficking, forced labor, and etc. An example of modern day slavery would be that India has the highest amount of slaves amounting to 13.9 million slaves, trumping second place China with 2.9 million slaves and third place Pakistan with 2.1 million slaves. Meanwhile, Mauritania and Haiti have the highest bondage rate as it is 4% and 2%. Although India may have the most slaves, Mauritania is ranked number one even though the country signed laws dealing with child labor and banned all practices. Many victims of modern slavery have had their freedom taken from them and are used for profit, sex, and other crimes against humanity.
<http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/17/world/la-fg-global-slavery-20131018>

Questions
1. The most common answer to why slavery developed is the domestication of animals, which in the end led to slavery (the domestication of other humans)
2. The best reason to explain the prevalence of slavery is common phenomenon because many of the civilizations had contact with one another.
3. I feel that slavery could never cease to exist because as time moves on more and more people will enslave others. As a whole I believe that it is possible for slavery to become smaller but never die. It will always be here.
4. Slavery and patriarchy are similar in that they both deal with social equality as one is more important and worth more than the other. They differ in that with slavery you have lost your freedom while with patriarchy women still have a sense of freedom but have many limits that go along with it.
5. The most important aspect of the second wave civilizations would have to the enduring patterns because like the first civs, the second civs had patriarchy and a social hierarchy.

Thesis
During the classical era, both India in South Asia and China in East Asia had a very small amount slavery within their empires; however, they differed in that India believed in Hinduism, while China believed in Confucian teachings.

Dalton Leyson

11/2/2014 08:59:16 am

We may look back on slavery as a thing of the past it has in fact persisted into the 21st century. The article I chose begins with the revelation that while we are able to criticize and frown upon our rash actions of slavery throughout our history, it still continues right under our own noses and all across the globe. Slavery as a whole has evolved and does not operate exactly the same, now it relies on tactics such as underground trading and threats of violence. In the United States alone nearly 60,000 modern slaves exist, with nearly 30 million around the world mostly in India. In many cases mostly children are the subjects of this global slave industry especially when it comes to sex trafficking. A girl named Clemmie Greenlee shared her story of how she was taken by a pimp at the age of 12, never risking escape due to worries of violence, emotional manipulation and drug abuse. Eventually she did escape and now runs a program to help women start over saying that trafficking is absolutely an echo of ancestral slavery. Regardless of the efforts of petitions slavery may very well persist of years to come.

-The most common answer to why slavery developed was as with the domestication of animal it came almost instinctively as a means of control of those you saw below you or less for your own benefit.
-Common phenomena best explains the prevalence of slavery across the planet because it did not spread from one place to another. Much like the occurrence of agriculture and civilizations it came with the domestication of animals.
-For slavery to cease to exist humanity would have to reach a point where we no longer have any wants that would require labor that may be seen as difficult and unnecessary when you have someone else to do it for you. The driving force of slavery is essentially laziness. If you are presented with any easier way to accomplish a task then the logical thing would be to use that shortcut.
-Slavery and patriarchy are similar in the respect that they both give power to a specific party. They differ in that slavery is not necessarily gender based while patriarchy usually places the man in charge of the women. Another difference would be the "social death" as with being a slave you quite literally have no social life while as a women under patriarchy you have a limited control over yourself and still experience society.
-Enduring patterns is more impressive about the second-wave civilizations of Eurasia and N. Africa because things such as patriarchy, slavery and the emergence of large religions still exist to this day.

From 500 BCE to 500 CE The Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han Empire in East Asia were similar in that they were both patriarchal societies while differing in the fact that they the Romans population was 25-40% slaves and the Hans was a mere 1%

Dalton Leyson

11/4/2014 11:39:18 am

Not sure if its still relevant, but over a glass of OJ this morning I totally realized that I didn't include my source. Apologies, and for anyone still interested here's the link.

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/07/opinion/slavery-isnt-a-thing-of-the-past.html?_r=0

Val Edler link

11/2/2014 09:22:55 am

A common way of slavery is human trafficking. It's considered the second of the world's criminal enterprise. Human trafficking has brought about 32 billion dollars worth to the entire world. A U.S Attorney agrees by this being slavery because humans, more commonly women, are taken against their force and can be sold more than once. Usually women are sold for sex purposes but can be forced to domestic labor as well. This past year, more than 12 million victims have been affected by this and as time passes, human trafficking seems to be getting more popular. This article also explains how to be able to help and save someone who has been in such slavery.

http://www.post-gazette.com/news/state/2014/02/09/Human-trafficking-modern-day-slavery/stories/201402090067

QUESTIONS:
1. Slavery was developed by the domistication of animals.
2. Best to explain why slavery spread was common phenomenon because there were societies that didn't socialize that both new the concept of slavery.
3. I think it isn't possible for slavery to cease because there are beliefs that people follow where women are for men needs. To cease slavery, there could be more advance technology for there to be less needs of slaves, but men still have sexual needs that they think women can only do.
4. Slavery and patriarchy are similar because in any occasions slavery was a common way for a women to be owned by a man for their sexual acts. It shows that men still had more power over women. Even though slavery was common in women, it was still based of both genders while patriarchy is how much higher a gender was.
5. I think enduring patterns are more impressive because it shows how years were able to pass, but second-wave civs. still followed some of the other traditions.

During the Classical Era, China and Rome shared the idea of slavery, but Rome exceeded in the amount of slave owning; both China and Rome also had patriarchy between gender and power.

Brandon Adams link

11/5/2014 06:35:00 am

Camel jockey slavery? Seems like a strange new form of slavery, but it is real and just as inhumane as every other type of slavery. In Pakistan an estimated thirty or so boys are abducted as young as two to be camel jockeys, monthly. They are taken so young to stunt their growth and keep them at reasonable size for a jockey. Once these boys reach the age of ten they are put into the races, even though it is illegal for anyone under the age of fourteen. The worst part of this is that the child camel jockey slaves are often beaten or left for dead, if they do not perform well in the races, or do not please their masters. There is much money in this horrifying project, so many don’t find the wrongs. On a good note, UNICEF is trying to end this slavery by offering the use of robots as jockeys instead of children.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Flistverse.com%2F2014%2F01%2F07%2F10-horrifying-examples-of-modern-day-child-slavery%2F&ei=QJpaVKvXJoSrjAK04YG4Dg&usg=AFQjCNHV7UjqQff3Qpapvu3RROHe5l_OqQ&bvm=bv.78972154,d.cGE

The common answer for slavery development is found in the domestication of animals and the idea that some humans work like animals.
Common phenomenon better explains the prevalence of slavery because like agriculture, developed in many areas of the world at the same time with no known connection.
I believe that for slavery to cease existence humans will have to stop being their selfish and heartless selves. One day they will have to miraculously wake up and realize of their wrongs and ultimately produce a change.
Slavery and patriarchy are similar because they are used to ones advantage and control and result in someone’s advantage and control stolen. They are different in that slavery is more restrictive and you are treated as soulless as a slave, while patriarchy gives more freedom in that women have partnership in families and more powerful responsibilities than slaves.
I think it is more impressive that second-wave civilizations had change because it takes a lot more effort to change what you are doing instead of doing your same routine. Even when you can change things for improvement it still takes time and effort to change them for the better. This is why there are more continuities in history than change.

It was the Classical Era, and Europe and East Asia both had social class systems with broad gaps between the high and low classes, in the lower classes their were bold rebellions on the higher class and officials; however the different regions were different as Europe’s social inequalities were reliant on slaves were as East Asia’s was on patriarchy.

Societies and Inequalities in Afro-Eurasia

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